home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03519}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome}
- $Subject{Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome BWS Exomphalos-Macroglossia-Gigantism
- Syndrome Beckwith-Syndrome EMG Syndrome Macroglossia-Omphalocele-Visceromegaly
- Syndrome Omphalocele-Visceromegaly-Macroglossia Syndrome
- Visceromegaly-Umbilical Hernia-Macroglossia Syndrome Wiedmann-Beckwith
- Syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann Chromosome Region BWCR Hypoglycemia with
- Macroglossia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 52:
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Beckwith-Wiedemann
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to
- find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- BWS
- Exomphalos-Macroglossia-Gigantism Syndrome
- Beckwith-Syndrome
- EMG Syndrome
- Macroglossia-Omphalocele-Visceromegaly Syndrome
- Omphalocele-Visceromegaly-Macroglossia Syndrome
- Visceromegaly-Umbilical Hernia-Macroglossia Syndrome
- Wiedmann-Beckwith Syndrome
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Chromosome Region
- BWCR
- Hypoglycemia with Macroglossia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized
- by an abnormally enlarged tongue (macroglossia), an opening in the abdominal
- wall through which the organs of the abdomen may protrude (omphalocele),
- excessive size and height (macrosomia), and unusual ear creases.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Although some patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome have few or no
- symptoms, a variety of symptoms are possible. Infants with this disorder
- usually have an opening in the abdominal wall through which abdominal organs
- may protrude (omphalocele). An abnormally enlarged tongue (macroglossia) may
- cause feeding and breathing difficulties. About one-third of the children
- with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome have abnormally low blood sugar
- (hypoglycemia) that requires immediate treatment to prevent neurological
- complications. Other symptoms may include mild-to-moderate mental
- retardation, an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
- (polycythemia), and/or an unusually small head (microcephaly).
-
- Other characteristics of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome may include unusual
- enlargement of one side of the face (hemihypertrophy), and unusual facial
- features such as ear deformities, small facial features (facial hypoplasia),
- a bulging forehead (frontal bossing), and/or facial moles. Some children
- with this disorder may also have an abnormally large heart (cardiomegaly).
-
- In some male children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, one or both of
- the testicles may fail to descend into the scrotum (cryptorchidism). Females
- with this disorder may have an enlarged clitoris, uterus, and/or bladder.
-
- Approximately 5 to 10 percent of children with Beckwith-Wiedemann
- Syndrome may develop malignant tumors. These tumors may include Wilms tumor
- (a rapidly developing tumor of the kidneys), adrenocortical carcinoma (cancer
- in the outer layers of the adrenal glands), cancer in the cells that form the
- liver (hepatoblastoma), a fast growing tumor of the long muscles
- (rhabdomyosarcoma), tumor of the ovaries or testes (gonadoblastoma), and
- cancer of the cells of the nervous system (neuroblastoma).
-
- Benign (noncancerous) tumors may also occur in children with Beckwith-
- Wiedemann and can include adenoma of the adrenal cortex, cardiac hamartoma,
- umbilical myxoma, and ganglioneuroma.
-
- As children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome grow older, the
- characteristics of the disorder may become less noticeable. The excessive
- rate of growth that characterizes this syndrome in early childhood often
- slows after the first few years of life.
-
- Causes
-
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic
- trait. Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product
- of the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from
- the mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene
- (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating"
- the other normal gene and resulting in the appearance of the disease. The
- risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty
- percent for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- The defective gene that causes Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome has been
- located on the short arm of chromosome 11 (location 11p15). Chromosomal
- studies have revealed that there are carriers of the gene who show no
- symptoms of the disorder.
-
- In some rare cases of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, testing of the genetic
- material (DNA marker studies) of infants with this disorder has revealed that
- the infant inherited both of their 15th chromosomes from the mother (maternal
- uniparental disomy). Uniparental disomy is a condition in which both
- chromosomes are inherited from the same parent, in this case the mother. In
- genetics, human traits are the product of two genes, one inherited from the
- father and one from the mother. Scientists do not understand why uniparental
- disomy occurs in some people.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is a very rare disorder that affects males and
- females in equal numbers. Over 200 cases of this disorder have been reported
- in the medical literature since 1963.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome may include surgery to repair
- intestines that protrude through the abdominal wall (omphalocele), and/or
- abnormal urethral openings (hypospadias). If malignant or benign tumors
- develop, they must be treated and/or removed through surgery. When a newborn
- has abnormally low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), it is treated through the
- administration of intravenous glucose. If left untreated, hypoglycemia can
- cause mental retardation and it may be life-threatening.
-
- Children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome should be monitored every three
- months for the growth of internal organs and for the appearance of tumors.
- This may be done by abdominal ultrasound examination. Levels of alpha-
- fetoprotein should be monitored until the child is approximately 7 years old.
- Alpha-fetoprotein is a protein in the blood that is manufactured by the liver
- and gastrointestinal tract; levels may become elevated when certain
- malignancies begin to grow.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research is ongoing into the causes of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Genetic
- studies, parental age factors, proportion of sporadic nonhereditary cases,
- and the relationship between tumor development and other features of this
- disorder are being studied. Efforts are underway to clone the gene for this
- disorder so scientists can determine what the gene does or doesn't do
- properly.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Support Group
- 3206 Braeburn Circle
- Ann Arbor, MI 48108
- (313) 973-0263
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- Barbara Biesecker, Genetic Counselor
- Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases Dept.
- University of Michigan Medical School
- C1109 MPH, Box 0718
- Ann Arbor, MI 48109
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- PATHOBIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT Perrin, E.V. eds. Baltimore, Williams, and
- Wilkins 1973. P. 135.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 10th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor:
- Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Pp. 345-348.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 218-219.
-
- MACROGLOSSIA, ADRENAL CYTOMEGALY, GIGANTISM, AND HYPERPLASTIC
- VISCEROMEGALY. Beckwith, J.E., Birth Defects (February, 1969, issue 5(2)).
- Pp. 188-196.
-
- GENETIC LINKAGE OF BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN SYNDROME TO 11p15. Ping, A.J. et
- al,; Am J Hum Genet (issue 44, 1989). Pp. 720-723.
-
- NEUROBLASTOMA ASSOCIATED WITH BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN SYNDROME. L.G. Emery, et
- al.; Cancer (1983; 52). Pp. 17-179.
-
- BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN SYNDROME: A DEMONSTRATION OF THE MECHANISMS
- RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXCESS OF TRANSMITTING FEMALES. C. Mantou et al.; J Med
- Genet (April 1992 (29(4)). Pp. 217-220.
-
-